User manual YAMAHA 02R

[. . . ] This product, when installed as indicated in the instructions contained in this manual, meets FCC requirements. Modifications not expressly approved by Yamaha may void your authority, granted by the FCC, to use the product. IMPORTANT: When connecting this product to accessories and/or another product use only high quality shielded cables. Failure to follow instructions could void your FCC authorization to use this product in the USA. [. . . ] With a 2:1 ratio, for example, a 10 dB change in input level (above the threshold) results in a 5 dB change in output level. For a 5:1 ratio, a 10 dB change in input level (above the threshold) results in a 2 dB change in output level. Attack controls how soon the signal is compressed once the compressor has been triggered. With a slow attack time, the initial transient of a sound passes through unaffected. Out Gain can be used to counter this level reduction and set an appropriate level for the next stage in the audio path. Digital Recording Console 02R User's Guide 64 Dynamics Knee sets the transition of the signal at the threshold. With a hard knee, the transition between uncompressed and compressed signal is immediate. With the softest knee, knee5, the transition starts before the signal reaches the threshold and gradually ends above the threshold. Release determines how soon the compressor returns to its normal gain once the trigger signal level drops below the threshold. If the release time is too short, the gain will recover too quickly causing level pumping noticeable gain fluctuations. If it is set too long, the compressor may not have time to recover before the next high level signal appears, and it will be compressed incorrectly. Digital Recording Console 02R User's Guide Dynamics 65 dB Expander Expansion ratio = 2:1 Knee = hard +20 +10 0 -10 Output Level -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 Threshold = -10dB An expander is another form of automatic level control. By attenuating the signal below the threshold, the expander reduces low-level noise and effectively increases the dynamic range of the recorded material. Expander (EXP) parameters: dB -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 Input Level 0 +10 +20 Parameter Threshold (dB) ­54 to 0 Ratio Value (55 points) 1. 0, 1. 1, 1. 3, 1. 5, 1. 7, 2. 0, 2. 5, 3. 0, 3. 5, 4. 0, 5. 0, 6. 0, 8. 0, 10, 20, (16 points) 0 to 120 0 to +18 hard, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 6 ms to 46. 0 5 ms to 42. 3 8 ms to 63. 4 sec *3 sec *1, sec *2, (160 points) (121 points) (36 points) (6 points) dB +20 +10 0 -10 Expansion ratio = 2:1 Knee = knee5 Attack (ms) Outgain (dB) Threshold = -20dB Output Level -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 Knee Release (ms) *1 *2 *3 dB -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 Input Level 0 +10 +20 These values are obtained when the sampling frequency is 48kHz. These values are obtained when the sampling frequency is 32 kHz Threshold determines the level of input signal required to trigger the expander. Signals at and below the threshold level are attenuated by the amount specified using the Ratio parameter. Ratio controls the amount of expansion - the change in output signal level relative to change in input signal level. With a 1:2 ratio, for example, a 5 dB change in input level (below the threshold) results in a 10 dB change in output level. For a 1:5 ratio, a 2 dB change in input level (below the threshold) results in a 10 dB change in output level. Attack controls how soon the signal is expanded once the expander has been triggered. With a slow attack time, the initial transient of a sound passes through unaffected. With a hard knee, the transition between unexpanded and expanded signal is immediate. With the softest knee, knee5, the transition starts before the signal reaches the threshold and gradually ends above the threshold. Release determines how soon the expander returns to its normal gain once the trigger signal level drops below the threshold. Digital Recording Console 02R User's Guide 66 dB Dynamics Compander Width +20 +10 0 -10 Output Level -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 dB -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 Input Level 0 +10 +20 Threshold A compander is a compressor-expander - a combination of signal compression and expansion. The compander attenuates the input signal above the threshold as well as the level below the width. [. . . ] The 02R supports three types of timecode, SMPTE timecode, MTC (MIDI timecode), and Internal timecode White noise ­ A random noise that contains an equal amount of energy per frequency band. The bands 100­200, 800­1600, and 3000­6000 all contain the same amount of energy. Wordclock ­ Wordclock is a sync pulse which allows devices to determine where the start of each digital word is. When multiple digital devices are connected together, it is vital that each device knows where a digital word starts and stops. [. . . ]