User manual SPSS SPSS 13 BASE USERS GUIDE

[. . . ] SPSS 13. 0 Base User's Guide ® For more information about SPSS® software products, please visit our Web site at http://www. spss. com or contact SPSS Inc. 233 South Wacker Drive, 11th Floor Chicago, IL 60606-6412 Tel: (312) 651-3000 Fax: (312) 651-3668 SPSS is a registered trademark and the other product names are the trademarks of SPSS Inc. No material describing such software may be produced or distributed without the written permission of the owners of the trademark and license rights in the software and the copyrights in the published materials. Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subdivision (c) (1) (ii) of The Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at 52. 227-7013. [. . . ] If there is an even number of cases, the median is the average of the two middle cases when they are sorted in ascending or descending order. The median is a measure of central tendency not sensitive to outlying values--unlike the mean, which can be affected by a few extremely high or low values. Percentage of the number of cases for the specified grouping variable within categories of other grouping variables. If you only have one grouping variable, this value is identical to percentage of total number of cases. Percentage of the sum for the specified grouping variable within categories of other grouping variables. If you only have one grouping variable, this value is identical to percentage of total sum. Percent of Total N. Percentage of the total sum in each category. 354 Chapter 19 Range. The difference between the largest and smallest values of a numeric variable; the maximum minus the minimum. Skewness. The normal distribution is symmetric and has a skewness value of zero. A distribution with a significant positive skewness has a long right tail. A distribution with a significant negative skewness has a long left tail. As a rough guide, a skewness value more than twice its standard error is taken to indicate a departure from symmetry. Standard Error of Kurtosis. The ratio of kurtosis to its standard error can be used as a test of normality (that is, you can reject normality if the ratio is less than -2 or greater than +2). A large positive value for kurtosis indicates that the tails of the distribution are longer than those of a normal distribution; a negative value for kurtosis indicates shorter tails (becoming like those of a box-shaped uniform distribution). The ratio of skewness to its standard error can be used as a test of normality (that is, you can reject normality if the ratio is less than -2 or greater than +2). A large positive value for skewness indicates a long right tail; an extreme negative value, a long left tail. Sum. The sum or total of the values, across all cases with nonmissing values. A measure of dispersion around the mean, equal to the sum of squared deviations from the mean divided by one less than the number of cases. The variance is measured in units that are the square of those of the variable itself. 355 OLAP Cubes OLAP Cubes Differences Figure 19-4 OLAP Cubes Differences dialog box This dialog box allows you to calculate percentage and arithmetic differences between summary variables or between groups defined by a grouping variable. Differences are calculated for all measures selected in the OLAP Cubes Statistics dialog box. Differences between Variables. Summary statistics values for the second variable (the Minus variable) in each pair are subtracted from summary statistic values for the first variable in the pair. For percentage differences, the value of the summary variable for the Minus variable is used as the denominator. [. . . ] The Database Access Administrator does not actually change your database. Instead, it generates files that hold all of your information, which act as database views. You can use the Database Access Administrator to specify up to three different views per database: Enterprise level, Department level, and Personal level. Both the Database Access Administrator and the Database Wizard recognize these files by the following names: Enterprise level: dba01. inf Department level: dba02. inf Personal level: dba03. inf Each file contains level-specific information about any number of data sources. [. . . ]