User manual KOMATSU PC20R-8

[. . . ] Operation & Maintenance Manual WEAM000101 PC20R-8 PC27R-8 SERIAL NUMBER HYDRAULIC EXCAVATOR PC20R-8 - F30791 PC27R-8 - F31103 and up and up WARNING Unsafe use of this machine may cause serious injury or death. Operators and maintenance personnel must read this manual before operating or maintaining this machine. This manual should be kept inside the cab for reference and periodically reviewed by all personnel who will come into contact with the machine. FOREWORD 1. 1 FOREWORD · This manual has been carried out by Komatsu Utility in order to supply their customers with all the necessary information on the machine and the safety regulations related to it, together with the use and maintenance instructions that enable the operator to exploit the capacity of the machine with optimal results and to keep the machine efficient over time. · The operation manual, together with the spare parts catalogue, is an integral part of the machine and must accompany it, even when it is resold, until its final disposal. [. . . ] Park the machine on firm ground; if the machine must be parked near banks or ditches, park it on wooden boards in order to distribute the weight of the machine on a larger surface. 2 - Be careful to water drops forming on the hydraulic cylinder rods: these drops must be completely removed, since if they freeze the cylinder gaskets may be damaged. 3 - Drain the condensate that may have formed in the tank, to prevent the water from freezing during the night. 4 - Since the battery capacity may decrease considerably at low temperatures, after work cover the battery or remove it and store it at a suitable temperature. 103 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN IN THE WARM SEASON 3. 12 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN IN THE WARM SEASON 1 - At the end of the cold season, change the lubricants, the coolant and the fuel. · The coolant must be changed only if it is not permanent. For the relevant specifications, see "4. 3 FUEL, COOLANT AND LUBRICANTS". 2 - Make sure that the cooling fan belt is in good conditions. 3 - Make sure that the fins of the radiator and of the heat exchanger are clean. 4 - Check the radiator cap gasket and spring; in case of doubt regarding tightness and setting, change the cap. IMPORTANT 104 USING THE WORK EQUIPMENT 3. 13 USING THE WORK EQUIPMENT DANGER · Always fasten the safety belt before any manoeuvre. · Before starting work, warn the persons in the vicinity by means of the horn positioned on the right lever. · If due to a sudden failure the machine stops with raised equipment, turn the ignition key to position « », release the safety device, gradually operate the boom lowering control lever until the bucket rests on the ground and release any residual pressure. · The basic illustrations shown are those necessary for a correct use and exploitment of the machine; the operator must get to know the controls, the described operating method and learn how to organize work in a free area while seated in the driving position. IMPORTANT 3. 13. 1 ORGANIZING THE WORK AREA If after a first inspection the area results to be uneven, encumbered with big obstacles or characterized by considerable height differences, it is advisable to level the ground as much as possible before starting work, both for the machine and for the vehicles to be loaded. These preliminary operations will make work quicker, ensure better results and at the same time reduce the operator's stress and the straining of the machine components; furthermore, this will considerably reduce the time necessary to carry out the excavation or to load the trucks destined to the transport of the material. 105 USING THE WORK EQUIPMENT 3. 13. 2 POSITIONING THE MACHINE FOR DIGGING OPERATIONS DANGER · Before moving the equipment, make sure that no one is standing in the work area. · Carry out all the possible movements and make sure that the control levers work properly. · If visibility is not perfect or there are ducts or lines of any kind, work at reduced speed and ask the assistance of another operator. 1 - Center the machine with respect to the digging line. 1 RWA09110 · If this is not possible, because it is necessary to dig along walls or banks, swing the boom sidewards and position the machine beside the point where the excavation must be carried out. 2 - Release the boom swing from the safety lock (1) and release the upper structure rotation by lifting the antirotation pin (2). 3 - Fasten the safety belt and accelerate until reaching a medium speed. 4 - Shift the safety device lever (3) to the release position and start work. IMPORTANT 2 RWA09120 3 RYA12220 106 USING THE WORK EQUIPMENT 3. 13. 3 DIGGING METHOD DANGER · The geometry of the rotation fulcrum of the arms and the bucket make it possible to dig even beyond the stabilizer line, which makes the ground give way. Do not dig beyond the boom fulcrum line, since the ground may collapse and cause the machine to overturn. 1 - At the beginning of work, keep the bucket at the correct penetration angle. 2 - Once the desired digging depth has been reached, position the bucket with its back parallel to bottom of the excavation and then start filling. 3 - During the collection phase, make the bucket, the boom and the arm move simultaneously; combined movements facilitate the filling of the bucket and therefore increase productivity. @ ;;;;; 5 - To dump on heaps, dump the bucket as soon as it gets near the dumping area; the inertia resulting from the movement will ensure the compaction of the material with no need to use the bucket for this purpose, which avoids impacts and vibrations that facilitate the wear of pins and bushings. RWA00500 4 - he removal depth must be correct and suitable for the type of ground; excessive depth may lock the movements, overload the engine and the pump and slow down the digging operations. 1 CORRECT The bucket works with its flat surface parallel to the ground. RWA00510 2 INCORRECT The bucket is thrusted downwards, slowing down the digging work. RWA00520 3 RWA00530 INCORRECT The bucket is pushed upwards and therefore is not filled completely. CORRECT DIGGING METHOD (Sequence 1 - 2 - 3) 107 USING THE WORK EQUIPMENT 3. 13. 4 CHANGING THE BUCKET DANGER · When the coupling pins are removed or installed, chips may come off; always use gloves, goggles and helmet. · The change of the equipment must be carried out by two persons, who must decide together the words and signals to use during operations. · Do not use your fingers to center the holes, since they may be injured or even cut in case of sudden or uncontrolled movements. · The described procedures are valid also for the coupling of the mechanical constraints of the optional equipment. 1 - Position the bucket on a level surface, directing it so that the flat part of its back rests on the ground. 3 - Change the bucket, taking care to clean the pins, the bushings and the seals perfectly and to grease the pins slightly before reinstalling them. 2 3 3 1 RWAA0950 · Install first the arm connection pin, making sure that the seals are in good conditions. 4 - Put back all the safety pins (3) and lubricate by means of the appropriate grease nipple. IMPORTANT 108 LONG PERIODS OF INACTIVITY 3. 14 LONG PERIODS OF INACTIVITY 3. 14. 1 BEFORE THE PERIOD OF INACTIVITY DANGER · When draining the fuel, do not smoke or bring naked flames near the machine. [. . . ] 9 - Before starting work, check the seals. DANGER · Always wear thick gloves and safety goggles during this check. · To check the system for leaks, use a piece of cardboard or a wooden board. 6. 2. 3. 2 REMOVING THE HAMMER To remove the hammer, proceed as follows: 1 - Stop the engine and move the hydraulic controls in all directions, in order to completely release the residual pressures present in the circuits of the machine. 2 - Press the hammer control pedal to release the residual pressure present in the hammer delivery pipe. 3 - Slowly loosen the hydraulic oil filling cap to release the residual pressure from the tank. [. . . ]