User manual APPLE IWORK FORMULAS AND FUNCTIONS 2009

[. . . ] iWork Formulas and Functions User Guide K Apple Inc. © 2009 Apple Inc. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying software license agreement. Use of the "keyboard" Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws. [. . . ] =LCM(2, -3) displays an error (negative numbers are not allowed). Related Topics For related functions and additional information, see: "GCD" on page 177 "Listing of Numeric Functions" on page 167 "Value Types" on page 36 "The Elements of Formulas" on page 15 "Using the Keyboard and Mouse to Create and Edit Formulas" on page 26 "Pasting from Examples in Help" on page 41 LN The LN function returns the natural logarithm of a number, the power to which e must be raised to result in the number. pos-num is a number value and must be greater than 0. Usage Notes  EXP and LN are mathematically inverses over the domain where LN is defined, but because of floating-point rounding, =LN(EXP(x)) may not give exactly x. Chapter 8 Numeric Functions 179 Example =LN(2. 71828) returns approximately 1, the power to which e must be raised to produce 2. 71828. Related Topics For related functions and additional information, see: "EXP" on page 174 "LOG" on page 180 "LOGINV" on page 268 "LOGNORMDIST" on page 269 "Listing of Numeric Functions" on page 167 "Value Types" on page 36 "The Elements of Formulas" on page 15 "Using the Keyboard and Mouse to Create and Edit Formulas" on page 26 "Pasting from Examples in Help" on page 41 LOG The LOG function returns the logarithm of a number using a specified base. If base is 1, a division by zero will result and the function will return an error. If base is omitted, it is assumed to be 10. Examples =LOG(8, 2) returns 3. =LOG(5. 0625, 1. 5) returns 4. Related Topics For related functions and additional information, see: "LOG10" on page 181 "Listing of Numeric Functions" on page 167 180 Chapter 8 Numeric Functions "Value Types" on page 36 "The Elements of Formulas" on page 15 "Using the Keyboard and Mouse to Create and Edit Formulas" on page 26 "Pasting from Examples in Help" on page 41 LOG10 The LOG10 function returns the base-10 logarithm of a number. pos-num is a number value and must be greater than 0. Usage Notes  To find the logarithm for a base other than 10, use the LOG function. Examples =LOG10(1) returns 0. =LOG10(1000) returns 3. Related Topics For related functions and additional information, see: "LN" on page 179 "LOG" on page 180 "Listing of Numeric Functions" on page 167 "Value Types" on page 36 "The Elements of Formulas" on page 15 "Using the Keyboard and Mouse to Create and Edit Formulas" on page 26 "Pasting from Examples in Help" on page 41 Chapter 8 Numeric Functions 181 MOD The MOD function returns the remainder from a division. MOD(dividend, divisor)  dividend: A number to be divided by another number. If 0, a division by zero will result and the function will return an error. Usage Notes  The sign of the result matches that of the divisor.  When computing MOD(a, b), MOD gives a number r such that a = bk + r, where r is between 0 and b, and k is an integer.  MOD(a, b) is equivalent to a­b*INT(a/b). Examples =MOD(6, 3) returns 0. =MOD(7, 0. 75) returns 0. 25. Related Topics For related functions and additional information, see: "QUOTIENT" on page 188 "Listing of Numeric Functions" on page 167 "Value Types" on page 36 "The Elements of Formulas" on page 15 "Using the Keyboard and Mouse to Create and Edit Formulas" on page 26 "Pasting from Examples in Help" on page 41 182 Chapter 8 Numeric Functions MROUND The MROUND function rounds a number to the nearest multiple of a specified factor. MROUND(num-to-round, factor)  num-to-round: The number to be rounded. It must have the same sign as num-to-round. Examples =MROUND(2, 3) returns 3. =MROUND(-4. 5, 3) returns an error. Related Topics For related functions and additional information, see: "CEILING" on page 170 "EVEN" on page 173 "FLOOR" on page 176 "INT" on page 178 "ODD" on page 185 "ROUND" on page 191 "ROUNDDOWN" on page 192 "ROUNDUP" on page 193 "TRUNC" on page 204 "More on Rounding" on page 355 "Listing of Numeric Functions" on page 167 "Value Types" on page 36 "The Elements of Formulas" on page 15 "Using the Keyboard and Mouse to Create and Edit Formulas" on page 26 "Pasting from Examples in Help" on page 41 Chapter 8 Numeric Functions 183 MULTINOMIAL The MULTINOMIAL function returns the multinomial coefficient of the given numbers. It accomplishes this by determining the ratio of the factorial of the sum of the given numbers to the product of the factorials of the given numbers. MULTINOMIAL(non-neg-num, non-neg-num. . . )  non-neg-num: A number. non-neg-num is a number value and must be greater than or equal to 0.  non-neg-num. . . : Optionally include one or more additional numbers. Examples =MULTINOMIAL(2) returns 1. The ratio of 1. 30767E+12:2073600 is 630630. Related Topics For related functions and additional information, see: "FACT" on page 174 "FACTDOUBLE" on page 175 "Listing of Numeric Functions" on page 167 "Value Types" on page 36 "The Elements of Formulas" on page 15 "Using the Keyboard and Mouse to Create and Edit Formulas" on page 26 "Pasting from Examples in Help" on page 41 184 Chapter 8 Numeric Functions ODD The ODD function rounds a number away from zero to the next odd number. num-to-round is a number value. Usage Notes  To round to an even number, use the EVEN function. Examples =ODD(1) returns 1. =ODD(0) returns 1. Related Topics For related functions and additional information, see: "CEILING" on page 170 "EVEN" on page 173 "FLOOR" on page 176 "INT" on page 178 "MROUND" on page 183 "ROUND" on page 191 "ROUNDDOWN" on page 192 "ROUNDUP" on page 193 "TRUNC" on page 204 "More on Rounding" on page 355 "Listing of Numeric Functions" on page 167 "Value Types" on page 36 "The Elements of Formulas" on page 15 "Using the Keyboard and Mouse to Create and Edit Formulas" on page 26 "Pasting from Examples in Help" on page 41 Chapter 8 Numeric Functions 185 PI The PI function returns the approximate value of (pi), the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. However, you must include the parentheses: =PI().  PI is accurate to 15 decimal places. Examples =PI() returns 3. 14159265358979. =SIN(PI()/2) returns 1, the sine of /2 radians or 90 degrees. Related Topics For related functions and additional information, see: "COS" on page 333 "SIN" on page 336 "TAN" on page 338 "Listing of Numeric Functions" on page 167 "Value Types" on page 36 "The Elements of Formulas" on page 15 "Using the Keyboard and Mouse to Create and Edit Formulas" on page 26 "Pasting from Examples in Help" on page 41 POWER The POWER function returns a number raised to a power. [. . . ] Specifically, this would look at the question: If a respondent answered question 1 with a higher (or lower) value than the average for question 1, did the respondent also answer question 2 with a higher (or lower) value than the average for question 2?In this case, the responses are not particularly well correlated (-0. 1732) Determines the total number of surveys returned (10). Note that if the survey control identifier was not numeric, you would need to use COUNTA instead of COUNT. By extending this formula across the row, you could determine the total number of responses to each question. [. . . ]